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Abstract

Urban flooding caused by extreme rainfall events has been recognized as a global issue. Systematic stormwater infrastructures, i.e., the source green infrastructures and the midway or end-of-system storages, are playing increasingly significant roles in urban areas threatened by flooding. Recently, model predictive control (MPC) is being introduced as an alternative for adaptative stormwater management. However, little research has recognized the significance of combining the two aspects to mitigate flood risk cost-effectively. This research presents a modeling framework that evaluates the impact of integrating MPC with storage tanks and low impact development (LID) facilities. One sponge city pilot in Shenzhen City, China is selected as the study case. Simulations involving design rainfall events are conducted under three control scenarios (i.e., LID-only, systematic LID & tank, integrated LID & MPC tank) compared to the baseline scenario without any stormwater infrastructure. The benefits of flooding volume/peak flow reduction are assessed for these scenarios, as well as investment costs. Results indicate that systematic stormwater infrastructures perform better than the baseline or LID-only scenarios, and the integration of the MPC approach significantly enhances the system performance during extreme rainfall events. The integrated control provides the most cost-effective solution at each investment level, increasing system benefit while saving the life cycle cost compared to the static control. Our findings demonstrate that integrating MPC with systematic stormwater infrastructures is worth deploying in urban stormwater management.