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Abstract

Accurate and well-documented heat-flow data is essential for exploring geothermal resources as well as for understanding geodynamic processes. The Asian continent, as the largest on our planet, offers complex tectonic settings, presenting both challenges and opportunities for heat-flow studies. In this study, we present, for the first time, a new quality-controlled and extended dataset of continental heat flow data from Asia. This subset of the Global Heat Flow Database (GHFDB) follows the metadata and quality evaluation standards proposed by the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC). The new Asian heat flow database includes approximately 13,200 data points reported between 1947 and 2025 and collected from 777 research papers, reports, and books. Quality control is conducted through a multi-dimensional approach, assessing numerical uncertainty, methodological reliability, and environmental site perturbations. The application of this approach is based on the detailed assessment of the original literature by a large multi-national collaborative network of geoscientists. By addressing these aspects, we aim to establish a robust dataset that enhances our understanding of the thermal structure and geothermal resource potential of the Asian continent.