Volcanic crisis reveals coupled magma system at Santorini and Kolumbo

Isken, Marius Paul; Karstens, Jens; Nomikou, Paraskevi; Parks, Michelle Maree; Drouin, Vincent; Rivalta, E.; Crutchley, Gareth J.; Haghshenas Haghighi, Mahmud; Hooft, Emilie E. E.; Cesca, Simone; Walter, Thomas; Hainzl, S.; Saul, Joachim; Anastasiou, Dimitris; Raptakis, Kostas; Shapiro, Nikolai M.; Münchmeyer, Jannes; Higueret , Quentin; Soubestre, Jean; Brenguier, Florent; Hufstetler, Rebeckah S.; Autumn, Kaisa R.; Tsakiri, Maria; Lange, Dietrich; Kopp, Heidrun; Urlaub, Morelia; Jover, María Blanch; Preine, Jonas; Hübscher, Christian; Motagh, M.; Müller, Daniel; Dahm, T.; Berndt, Christian

doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09525-7

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Volcanic crisis reveals coupled magma system at Santorini and Kolumbo

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Isken, Marius Paul
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;
Submitting Corresponding Author, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Karstens, Jens
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Nomikou, Paraskevi
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Parks, Michelle Maree
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Drouin, Vincent
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Rivalta, E.
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences;

Crutchley, Gareth J.
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Haghshenas Haghighi, Mahmud
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Hooft, Emilie E. E.
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Cesca, Simone
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences;

/persons/resource/twalter

Walter, Thomas

/persons/resource/hainzl

Hainzl, S.

/persons/resource/saul

Saul, Joachim
2.4 Seismology, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences;

Anastasiou, Dimitris
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Raptakis, Kostas
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Shapiro, Nikolai M.
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Münchmeyer, Jannes
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Higueret , Quentin
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Soubestre, Jean
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Brenguier, Florent
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Hufstetler, Rebeckah S.
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Autumn, Kaisa R.
External Organizations;

Tsakiri, Maria
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Lange, Dietrich
External Organizations;

Kopp, Heidrun
External Organizations;

Urlaub, Morelia
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Jover, María Blanch
External Organizations;

Preine, Jonas
External Organizations;

Hübscher, Christian
External Organizations;

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Motagh, M.
1.4 Remote Sensing, 1.0 Geodesy, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences;

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Müller, Daniel
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

/persons/resource/dahm

Dahm, T.
2.1 Physics of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 2.0 Geophysics, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Berndt, Christian
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Zitation

Isken, M. P., Karstens, J., Nomikou, P., Parks, M. M., Drouin, V., Rivalta, E., Crutchley, G. J., Haghshenas Haghighi, M., Hooft, E. E. E., Cesca, S., Walter, T., Hainzl, S., Saul, J., Anastasiou, D., Raptakis, K., Shapiro, N. M., Münchmeyer, J., Higueret, Q., Soubestre, J., Brenguier, F., Hufstetler, R. S., Autumn, K. R., Tsakiri, M., Lange, D., Kopp, H., Urlaub, M., Jover, M. B., Preine, J., Hübscher, C., Motagh, M., Müller, D., Dahm, T., Berndt, C. (2025): Volcanic crisis reveals coupled magma system at Santorini and Kolumbo. - Nature, 645, 939-945.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09525-7

Zitierlink: https://gfzpublic.gfz.de/pubman/item/item_5036517

Zusammenfassung

Volcanic crises, driven by renewed magma inflow and migration, result in surface deformation and seismicity that can provide unique insights into the structure of volcanic systems and magmatic processes. Although the highly explosive volcanoes of Santorini and Kolumbo1,2 in the Greek Aegean Sea are just 7 km apart, their potentially coupled deep magmatic feeding systems are only poorly understood3,4. The 2025 volcano–tectonic crisis of Santorini simultaneously affected both volcanic centres, providing insights into a complex, multistorage feeder system. Here we integrate onshore and marine seismological data with geodetic measurements to reconstruct magma migration before and during the crisis. Gradual inflation in the Santorini caldera, beginning in mid-2024, preceded the January 2025 intrusion of a magma-filled dike sourced from a mid-crustal reservoir beneath Kolumbo, indicating a link between the two volcanoes. Joint inversion of ground and satellite-based deformation data indicates that approximately 0.31 km3 of magma intruded as an approximately 13-km-long dike, reactivating principal regional faults and arresting 3–5 km below the seafloor. The 2024–2025 resurgence of magmatic activity beneath both volcanic centres and their apparent coupling provides insights into the dynamic interplay of magma storage, transport and reservoir failure beneath neighbouring volcanoes.