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Journal Article

Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade

Authors

Fendrich,  Arthur
External Organizations;

Feng,  Yu
External Organizations;

Wigneron,  Jean-Pierre
External Organizations;

Chave,  Jerôme
External Organizations;

Araza,  Arnan
External Organizations;

Li,  Zheyuan
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/herold

Herold,  Martin
1.4 Remote Sensing, 1.0 Geodesy, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum;

Ometto,  Jean
External Organizations;

Aragão,  Luiz E. O. C.
External Organizations;

Martinez Cano,  Isabel
External Organizations;

Zhu,  Lei
External Organizations;

Xu,  Yidi
External Organizations;

Ciais,  Philippe
External Organizations;

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5036816.pdf
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Citation

Fendrich, A., Feng, Y., Wigneron, J.-P., Chave, J., Araza, A., Li, Z., Herold, M., Ometto, J., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Martinez Cano, I., Zhu, L., Xu, Y., Ciais, P. (2025): Human influence on Amazon’s aboveground carbon dynamics intensified over the last decade. - Nature Communications, 16, 6681.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61856-1


Cite as: https://gfzpublic.gfz.de/pubman/item/item_5036816
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest is crucial for the global carbon cycle, yet annual changes in its aboveground biomass carbon (AGC) stock remain highly uncertain. Natural and local anthropogenic drivers such as deforestation, forest degradation, and regrowth following deforestation interact with large-scale climate variability to determine AGC dynamics. Here, we propose an approach to disaggregate low-frequency passive L-band microwave data over 2010-2020 and reconstruct maps of annual change. We show that the Amazon lost −0.37 ± 0.17 PgC, with gains by undisturbed (0.33 ± 0.13 PgC) and secondary forest growth (0.33 ± 0.05 PgC) outweighed by losses by deforestation (−0.55 ± 0.04 PgC), degradation (−0.42 ± 0.08 PgC), and agricultural areas (−0.06 ± 0.03 PgC). Losses in human-influenced land intensified over time and amounted to 60% of all gross losses in El Niño years. Our study reinforces the need for stronger implementation of policies and effective actions to control forest degradation.