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Detecting arc rupture and slab window formation in the Isthmus of Panama from the bedrock and detrital record

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León,  Santiago       
4.6 Geomorphology, 4.0 Geosystems, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences;

Rodriguez,  Oris
External Organizations;

Ortega-Flores,  Berlaine
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Cardenas,  Damian
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Moreno,  Enrique
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5036616.pdf
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León, S., Rodriguez, O., Ortega-Flores, B., Cardenas, D., Moreno, E. (2025 online): Detecting arc rupture and slab window formation in the Isthmus of Panama from the bedrock and detrital record. - Geology, 53, 10, 827-831.
https://doi.org/10.1130/G53411.1


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Slab window formation provides a mechanism for the atypical exchange of mass and energy between the regions beneath (sub-slab) and above (supra-slab) a subducting plate, and its diagnosis is essential for our understanding of the thermal and compositional evolution of the lithosphere. We combine whole-rock geochemical data with new detrital zircon petrochronology to show a dramatic compositional change in the Central American arc in Panama at ca. 25 Ma. This change is characterized by (1) coupled enrichment in high field strength elements and fluid-immobile elements, (2) a local shift from hydrous to hot and dry magmatism, and (3) enhanced contribution of lower crustal materials. Such features indicate a reduction in the subduction signal and increased input of magma from primitive mantle sources, accompanied by local high heat flow. We relate these changes to the combined effects of collision-driven rupture of the Central American arc and the formation of a slab window resulting from the subduction of the Cocos-Nazca ridge after the breakup of the Farallon plate.