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Abstract

Under conditions of global warming and climate change, several phenomena have emerged in recent decades that would cause an imbalance in the Earth's hydrological cycle. All this resulted in the land being exposed to waves of droughts in various regions in the world, and among these North African regions. We chose the Soumam Watershed as a case study of what It knew from a lack of precipitation, which resulted in a lack of supply of potable water and water intended for agriculture, and this deficit leads to loss of water resources, which in turn inevitably leads to the failure to achieve sustainable development. We valued drought in our study area in different periods through an assessment the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The temporal study at different time scales (annual, seasonal and monthly) has made it possible to highlight; the different dry and wet periods with very marked rainfall deficits, a gradual decrease in rainfall, an accentuation of rainfall irregularity and shortening of the wet season. The rainfall index (SPI) was then used to characterize the wet, normal and dry periods for the stations studied. The standardized precipitation index is a very useful tool for characterizing wet years and dry years. On an annual scale, where the results of our analysis of 30 rain gage station showed that it was found that 65% of the total records are normal, 18% are dry and 17% are wet. The years 1993, 1996 and 2001 are the years most affected by drought with a fraction of 14 dry stations for the years 1993 and 1996, and 16 dry stations for the year 2001.