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Abstract:
Currently, there are no low Earth orbits (LEO) satellite constellations that offer high-accurate positioning solutions. However, aspirations to implement LEO constellations to augment Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), or provide independent solutions, do exist. The time is therefore right to develop simulations and understand the possible gains that LEO satellites can offer to positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT). This work will show the current developments of the INCUBATE (Indoor Navigation from CUBesAt TEchnology) project, carried out in Finland, to build simulations that combine all segments of a satellite-based PNT system, i.e., simulations that consider the space-, ground-, and user-segments into a unified solution. It will be shown the developed PNT models, adopted statistical distributions, and model accuracy to reproduce LEO-PNT measurements (pseudorange, carrier phases, and Doppler-shift). When relevant, differences between parameters used in classic GNSS and upcoming LEO-PNT will be presented. The considered orbit models, clock simulations, and precise orbit determination algorithms will be presented, together with the achieved accuracy. As main results, our simulations reveal that LEO systems augmented by classical GNSS can bring improvements of around 30% in comparison to only LEO-based solutions, and 53% over classic GNSS.
