hide
Free keywords:
mixed gas hydrates, in situ Raman spectroscopy, resource > energy resource
Abstract:
Natural gas hydrates encase predominantly methane, but also higher hydrocarbons as well as CO2 and H2S. The formation of gas hydrates from a changing gas mixture, either due to the preferred incorporation of certain components into the hydrate phase or an inadequate gas supply, may lead to significant changes in the composition of the resulting hydrate phase. To determine the overall composition of a hydrate phase during the hydrate formation process, Raman spectroscopy is regarded as a non-destructive and powerful tool. This technique enables to distinguish between guest molecules in the free gas or liquid phase, encased into a clathrate cavity or dissolved in an aqueous phase, therefore providing time-resolved information about the guest molecules during the hydrate formation process.
Experiments were carried out at the Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Laboratory, GFZ. Mixed gas hydrates were synthesized in a high-pressure cell from pure water and a specific gas flow containing CH4, C2H6, C3H8, iso-C4H10 and n-C4H10 at 274 K and 2.20 MPa. Three potential different gas supply conditions were selected for the formation of mixed gas hydrates, namely an open system (test scenario 1) with a continuous gas supply, a closed system (test scenario 2) with no gas supply after initial pressurization with the gas mixture, and a semi-closed system (test scenario 3) with only an incoming gas but a disrupted outlet. In situ Raman spectroscopic measurements and microscopic observations were applied to record changes in both gas and hydrate compositions over the whole formation period until it reached a steady state. In all three test scenarios, 12 hydrate crystals were selected and continuously characterized for 5 days with single point Raman measurements to record the formation process of mixed gas hydrates. Each test scenario was repeated for 3 times, therefore resulting in 9 separate experimental tests.
This dataset encompasses raw Raman spectra of the 9 experimental tests (.txt files) which contained Raman shifts and the respective measured intensities. Each Raman spectrum was fitted to Gauss/Lorentz function after an appropriate background correction to estimate the band areas and positions (Raman shift). The Raman band areas were then corrected with wavelength-independent cross-sections factors for each specific component. The concentration of each guest molecule in the hydrate phase / gas phase was given as mol% in separate spreadsheet for three different test scenarios. Further details on the analytical setup, experimental procedures and composition calculation are provided in the following sections.
